Several cities in the United States – including the nation’s capital -have power grids particularly vulnerable to the threat of space weather – but experts are still trying to understand why says the Royal Astronomical Society.
Researchers at the British Geological Survey (BGS) found that certain regions of the US are more at risk from geomagnetic storms, which occur when the Sun emits solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
These are bursts of gas and magnetic fields which erupt into space from the solar atmosphere. They can cause geomagnetic storms that have the potential to damage infrastructure both in Earth’s orbit and on its surface, ranging from satellites to underground pipelines.
Two of the cities with power grids found to be most vulnerable to the effects of such space weather are Washington DC and Milwaukee, according to Dr Lauren Orr of the BGS, who is presenting her findings at the Royal Astronomical Society’s National Astronomy Meeting at the University of Hull.
Dr Orr added that there were many reasons that the above cities may be more at risk to the impact of geomagnetic storms, including “electrical conductivity of the ground, the physical construction of the power grid in those areas, or the location of the auroral currents in the sky.”
However, she cautioned that further work was needed to investigate what about these areas makes them so-called ‘supernodes’ in the network.
Severe space weather is of growing concern to scientists across the globe and is now considered to be as likely to occur as a pandemic, with an impact that is equivalent to extreme temperatures or flooding.
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are one such hazard which can cause damage to power lines and transformers. In the past, widespread blackouts have been reported as a result of transformer damage during geomagnetic storms.
The BGS research was carried out in collaboration with Professor Sandra Chapman, of the University of Warwick, and Dr Ryan McGranaghan, of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
